I mea te tohunga koiora hangai a Tom Knight, "Ko te rautau 21 te rautau o te koiora hangarau." Ko ia tētahi o ngā kaiwhakaū o te koiora hangai, ā, ko ia tētahi o ngā kaiwhakaū tokorima o Ginkgo Bioworks, he kamupene whetu i roto i te koiora hangai. I whakarārangihia te kamupene ki te New York Stock Exchange i te 18 o Hepetema, ā, i eke tōna uara ki te US$15 piriona.
Kua nekehia ngā hiahia rangahau a Tom Knight mai i te rorohiko ki te koiora. Mai i te wā o te kura tuarua, i whakamahia e ia ngā hararei raumati ki te ako rorohiko me te hōtaka i MIT, ā, i muri mai ka pau ana tohu paetahi me te tohu paerua ki MIT.
I te mōhiotanga o Tom Knight kua tohuhia e te Ture a Moore ngā rohe o te whakahaere a te tangata i ngā ngota silicon, ka tahuri tōna aro ki ngā mea ora. "Me whai huarahi rerekē tātou ki te whakanoho i ngā ngota ki te wāhi tika… He aha te matū tino uaua? Ko te matū koiora. Ki taku whakaaro ka taea e koe te whakamahi i ngā ngota koiora, pērā i ngā pūmua, ka taea te huihui me te whakakotahi i roto i te whānuitanga e hiahiatia ana e koe. te whakatioata."
Kua noho hei tikanga rangahau hou te whakamahi i te whakaaro tauanga me te whakaaro kounga hangarau hei hoahoa i ngā mea taketake koiora. He rite te koiora hangai ki tētahi pekepeke i roto i te mātauranga tangata. Hei mara whakawhitiwhiti mātauranga o te hangarau, te pūtaiao rorohiko, te koiora, me ētahi atu, kua whakaritea te tau tīmatanga o te koiora hangai ki te tau 2000.
I roto i ngā rangahau e rua i whakaputaina i tēnei tau, kua tutuki i te ariā o te hoahoa ara iahiko mō ngā tohunga koiora te whakahaere i te whakaaturanga ira.
I hangaia e ngā kaipūtaiao o Te Whare Wānanga o Boston tētahi pana whakawhiti ira i roto i te E. coli. E rua noa ngā waeine ira e whakamahia ana e tēnei tauira. Mā te whakahaere i ngā whakaohooho o waho, ka taea te whakakā, te whakaweto rānei i te whakaaturanga ira.
I taua tau anō, i whakamahia e ngā kaipūtaiao o Te Whare Wānanga o Princeton ētahi kōwae ira e toru hei whakatutuki i te putanga aratau "whakakorikori" i roto i te tohu ara iahiko mā te whakamahi i te aukati tahi me te tukunga o te aukati i waenganui i a rātou.
Te hoahoa pana whakawhiti ira
Awheawhe Pūtau
I te hui, i rongo ahau i te iwi e kōrero ana mō te "mīti hangai".
I te whai i te tauira hui rorohiko, te "huihuinga whaiaro kāore i te hui" mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kore utu, ka inu pia ētahi tāngata, ka kōrero: He aha ngā hua angitu kei roto i te "Synthetic Biology"? I kōrero tetahi mō te "mīti horihori" i raro i te Impossible Food.
Kāore a Impossible Food i kī he kamupene "koiora hangai", engari ko te tino āhuatanga hokohoko e wehewehe ana i a rātou mai i ētahi atu hua mīti hangai - ko te hemoglobin e hanga ana i te mīti huawhenua kia kakara ahurei - he "mīti" nō tēnei kamupene tata ki te 20 tau ki muri. Nō ngā momo kaupapa hou.
Ko te hangarau e whakamahia ana ko te whakamahi i te whakatika ira māmā hei tuku i te rewena ki te whakaputa i te "hemoglobin." Hei whakamahi i ngā kupu o te koiora hangai, ka huri te rewena hei "wheketere pūtau" e whakaputa ana i ngā matū e ai ki ngā hiahia o te tangata.
He aha te mea e whero kanapa ai te mīti, ā, he kakara motuhake hoki ina reka? E kiia ana ko te Impossible Food te "hemoglobin" whai rawa i roto i te mīti. Kei roto i ngā momo kai te hemoglobin, engari he tino nui te ihirangi i roto i ngā uaua kararehe.
Nō reira, i whiriwhiria te hemoglobin e te kaiwhakaū me te tohunga matū koiora o te kamupene, a Patrick O. Brown, hei "mea kakara matua" mō te whakatauira i te mīti kararehe. I te tango i tēnei "mea kakara" mai i ngā tipu, i whiriwhiria e Brown ngā pīni soya he nui te hemoglobin i ō rātou pakiaka.
Ko te tikanga whakaputa tuku iho me tango tika te "hemoglobin" mai i ngā pakiaka o te pīni soya. E ono eka o te pīni soya e hiahiatia ana mō te kotahi kirokaramu o te "hemoglobin". He utu nui te tango tipu, ā, kua whakawhanakehia e Impossible Food tētahi tikanga hou: te whakatō i te ira ka taea te kohikohi i te hemoglobin ki roto i te rewena, ā, i te tipu me te whakaputa uri o te rewena, ka tipu te hemoglobin. Hei whakamahi i tētahi kupu whakarite, he rite tēnei ki te tuku i te kūaka kia whānau hua i runga i te tauine o ngā moroiti.
Ko te heme, i tangohia mai i ngā tipu, ka whakamahia i roto i ngā pēkana "mīti hangai".
Ka whakapiki ake ngā hangarau hou i te whai huatanga o te whakaputanga, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki ngā rauemi taiao e pau ana i te whakato. Nā te mea ko ngā rauemi whakaputa matua he rewena, he huka, me ngā kohuke, kāore he nui o ngā para matū. Ki te whakaarohia, he hangarau tēnei e "whakapai ake ana i te heke mai".
Ina kōrero te tangata mō tēnei hangarau, ki taku whakaaro he hangarau māmā noa iho tēnei. Ki tā rātou titiro, he maha rawa ngā rauemi ka taea te hanga mai i te taumata ira pēnei. Ngā kirihou pirau, ngā mea kakara, ngā rongoā me ngā kano kano hou, ngā patu pepeke mō ngā mate motuhake, tae atu ki te whakamahinga o te hauhā waro hei hanga māngaro… Ka tīmata ahau ki te whai whakaaro pūmau mō ngā mea ka taea e te hangarau koiora.
Pānuihia, tuhia, me te whakarerekē i ngā ira
Kei te kawe te DNA i ngā mōhiotanga katoa mō te ora mai i te pūtake, ā, koia anō hoki te pūtake o ngā mano tini o ngā āhuatanga o te ora.
I ēnei rā, ka taea e te tangata te pānui i te raupapatanga DNA me te hanga i te raupapatanga DNA kia rite ki te hoahoa. I te hui, i rongo ahau i ngā tāngata e kōrero ana mō te hangarau CRISPR i toa i te Tohu Nobel mō te Matū i te tau 2020. Ka taea e tēnei hangarau, e kiia nei ko te "Genetic Magic Scissor", te kimi me te tapahi tika i te DNA, ā, ka tutuki ai te whakatika ira.
I runga i tēnei hangarau whakatika ira, kua puta ake he maha ngā kamupene tīmatanga. Ko ētahi e whakamahi ana hei whakaoti rapanga ira mō ngā mate uaua pēnei i te mate pukupuku me ngā mate ira, ā, ko ētahi e whakamahi ana hei whakatipu i ngā okana mō te whakawhitinga tangata me te kimi mate.
Kua tere te urunga mai o te hangarau whakatika ira ki ngā mahi arumoni, ā, kua kite te tangata i ngā tūmanakohanga nui o te hangarau koiora. Mai i te tirohanga o te ariā whanaketanga o te hangarau koiora tonu, i muri i te pakeketanga o te pānui, te whakahiato, me te whakatika i ngā raupapatanga ira, ko te taahiraa e whai ake nei ko te hoahoa mai i te taumata ira hei whakaputa rauemi e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te tangata. Ka taea hoki te mārama ko te hangarau koiora hangai te taahiraa e whai ake nei i roto i te whanaketanga o te hangarau ira.
Tokorua ngā kaipūtaiao a Emmanuelle Charpentier rāua ko Jennifer A. Doudna, ā, i toa rāua i te Tohu Nobel mō te Matū i te tau 2020 mō te hangarau CRISPR.
"He tokomaha te hunga kua aro nui ki te whakamāramatanga o te koiora hangai… Kua puta tēnei momo tukinga i waenganui i te hangarau me te koiora. Ki taku whakaaro ko ngā hua katoa o tēnei kua tīmata te whakaingoatia ko te koiora hangai," te kī a Tom Knight.
Mai i te tīmatanga o te hapori ahuwhenua, kua tirotirohia, kua puritia hoki e te tangata ngā āhuatanga o te kararehe me te tipu e hiahiatia ana e rātou mā te whakawhiti me te whiriwhiri i ngā momo roa. Ka tīmata tika te koiora hanga mai i te taumata ira hei whakaputa i ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana e te tangata. I tēnei wā, kua whakamahia e ngā kaipūtaiao te hangarau CRISPR hei whakatipu raihi i roto i te taiwhanga.
I roto i te ataata whakatuwheratanga, i kī tētahi o ngā kaiwhakahaere o te hui, a Lu Qi, te Kaiwhakaū o Qiji, tera pea ka kawea mai e te hangarau koiora ngā huringa nui ki te ao, pērā i te hangarau Ipurangi o mua. Te āhua nei he whakaū tēnei i whakaatu ngā Tumu Whakahaere Ipurangi i te hiahia ki ngā pūtaiao koiora i te wā i rihaina ai rātou.
Kei te aro katoa ngā rangatira o te ipurangi. Kei te puta mai te ia o te ao pakihi o te pūtaiao koiora?
Ko Tom Knight (tuatahi mai i te maui) me ētahi atu kaiwhakaū Ginkgo Bioworks e whā | Ginkgo Bioworks
I te tina, i rongo ahau i tētahi pūrongo: i kī a Unilever i te 2 o Hepetema ka haumi ia i te 1 piriona euros hei whakamutu i te whakamahi i ngā hinu pūngoi ki ngā rauemi mata o ngā hua ma i te tau 2030.
I roto i ngā tau 10, ka āta whakamahi ngā hua hopi horoi kakahu, paura horoi kakahu, me te hopi i hangaia e Procter & Gamble i ngā rauemi mata tipu, i te hangarau hopu waro rānei. I wehea hoki e te kamupene tētahi atu 1 piriona euros hei whakatū i tētahi pūtea hei putea i ngā rangahau mō te hangarau koiora, te hauhā waro me ētahi atu hangarau hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro.
Ko te hunga i kōrero mai i tēnei rongo ki ahau, pērā i ahau i rongo i te rongo, i miharo paku ki te iti iho i te 10 tau te roa o te wā: Ka tere tonu te whakatinanatanga o te rangahau hangarau me te whanaketanga ki te whakaputa papatipu?
Engari ko taku tumanako ka tutuki.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-31-2021